E-CONTENT OF PG & RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

Subject Code: 18P4PH11 Subject Name: COMMUNICATION SYSTEM UNIT – I - MODULATION SYSTEMS: Theory of Amplitude modulation - Theory of frequency modulation-Theory of phase modulation-pulse code modulation-pulse width modulation-Sampling theorem-low pass and band pass signals, PAM, Channel BW for a PAM signal, Natural Sampling, Flat top Sampling, Signal recovery through holding, Quantization of signals, Differential PCM delta modulation-Delta modulation-Adaptive Delta modulation- BPSK, QPSK. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=beFoCZ7oMyY • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmPRMFqT8Uw • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8Jod9AtpN4 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJYj7-NqXx4 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VKvJBdOu-Mo • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Y9n8dMYL-o • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jyt_SkEsMzU • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQfPdhVfShw • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_qmlGXtlwk • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NggM5Z14vFs • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nT5g51tSpmo • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_Ysdv1xRbA • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMwTgx70BJE • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6tbD0AJfZ8Y • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwY5Ub3MwfA • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJkvX3tmUaI • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCnc8rG1BPc • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWseAclrFmQ • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ij760lCUtfw • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1z9LiRpxLk • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CFlrST37Slc
UNIT – II - FIBER OPTICS COMMUNICATION Basics of Fiber Optics-Classification-Single mode and multimode, Step index and Graded index. Acceptance angle, Numerical Aperture, Fiber Losses-Attenuation, Absorption, Leaky modes, Bending losses, Transmission losses, and Core and cladding losses. Chromatic and modal dispersion. Splicing and connectors. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6_q2IBm93o • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pavBq7HIoIE • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TmDSIZUNAcg • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_2k4fYtbpo • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Bwd4w_19yg • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q37CpocWZyw • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zhVxBw5qnuY • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avd3eA4V8wA • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgeYdYPhF9A • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEzHQoTM1KM • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BPpYYuMialA • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyCrJ2uhams • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e4Y5u1YLvas • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgeYdYPhF9A • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dacM7UK-AY • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgeYdYPhF9A • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6yjDPo4AHg • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PWaNMjimtP0 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwWCa8V9Lq4 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZhTEhPJqha0 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xba2MThR9Ls • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRDbvtszsVI
UNIT – III - MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM: Microwave Generation - Multicavity Klystron - Reflex Klystron - Magnetron -Travelling Wave Tubes (TWT) - Propagation modes, Microwave communication system. Analog Microwave Communication-LOS microwave system-OTH microwave system-Digital Hierarchies, Digital Microwave Systems, Bandwidth efficiency. • https://www.cablefree.net/wirelesstechnology/microwave/ • https://www.britannica.com/technology/line-of-sight-microwave-link • https://www.daenotes.com/electronics/microwave-radar/microwave-tube-devices • https://www.tutorialspoint.com/microwave_engineering/microwave_engineering_reflex_klystron.htm • https://www.tutorialspoint.com/microwave_engineering/microwave_engineering_travelling_wave_tube.htm • https://www.commscope.com/Docs/Microwave_Communication_Basics_eBook_CO-109477-EN.pdf • http://122.252.243.98/Departments/snt/CAMTECH%20Notes/WTM_microwave_digital.pdf • https://www.daenotes.com/electronics/microwave-radar/digital-microwave-communication-overview • https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:830407/FULLTEXT01.pdf
UNIT – IV - SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS: Orbital Satellites, Geostationary Satellites, Orbital Patterns, Look angles, Orbital Classifications, Spacing and frequency allocation, Radiation Pattern, foot prints, Satellite System link models, Satellite system link equation - Non-ideal system parameters - INSAT communications satellites - Channel Capacity – RADAR. • https://www.britannica.com/technology/satellite-communication • https://www.tutorialspoint.com/satellite_communication/satellite_communication_introduction.htm • https://www.tutorialspoint.com/principles_of_communication/principles_of_satellite_communications.htm • https://byjus.com/physics/satellite-communication/ • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_orbit • https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/geostationary-satellite • https://www.planetary.org/articles/20140116-how-to-get-a-satellite-to-gto • https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/satellites/basic-concepts/geostationary-orbit-geo.php • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Satellite_System • http://archive.mu.ac.in/myweb_test/Satelight%20Comm..pdf • https://www.britannica.com/technology/radar • https://www.elprocus.com/radar-basics-types-and-applications/
UNIT – V - MOBILE COMMUNICATION: Evaluation and fundamentals - Cellular structure and planning - Frequency allocations – Propagation-Problems - Base station antennas and mobile antennas - Type of mobile system - Access method -TDMA, FDMA and CDMA • https://www.javatpoint.com/mobile-communication-introduction • https://www.electronicsforu.com/technology-trends/mobile-communication-1g-4g • https://www.tutorialspoint.com/umts/umts_history_of_mobile_communication.htm • https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/classification-of-mobile-communication/ • https://www.tutorialspoint.com/communication_technologies/mobile_communication_protocols.htm • https://www.webopedia.com/insights/mobile-operating-systems-mobile-os-explained/ • https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-fdma-tdma-and-cdma/ • https://www.tutorialspoint.com/wireless_communication/wireless_communication_multiple_access.htm • https://web.sonoma.edu/esee/courses/ee442/lectures/sp2017/lect13_multiple_access.pdf • https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5396818 • https://www.slideshare.net/SammarKhan2/fdmatdmacdma • https://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/corporate/technology/rd/tech/network/base_and_mobile_stations/02/index.html • https://blog.commscopetraining.com/the-concept-of-cellular-base-station-antennas/ • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_allocation • https://transition.fcc.gov/oet/spectrum/table/fcctable.pdf

Subject Code: 18P4PH03 Subject Name: THIN FILM TECHNOLOGY UNIT – I -Construction and uses of vapor sources - Wire - crucible vacuum pumps and heated sources - measurement of Pressure - gauges - Physical vapor deposition (PVD) - Thermal evaporation - electron beam evaporation - Pulsed laser deposition; - Ion beam assisted deposition - Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) - MOCVD and PECVD processes - Chemical methods - Nucleation and growth of thin films. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aY1VxwIbr6E • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lm2ubpOoL4 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFy8GL3tbW8 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CM4Y14b6M6U • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xIU1DDbDEDQ • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JL8qvTW-WCg • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9K49pVEEDwA • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7UPstHIQNZ4 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBAZLj6Glgc • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xAII9Bm_wj4 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lxNYAxr5lPc
UNIT – II -Quartz crystal monitor: Crystal oscillator thickness monitor - Resistance Monitor. - Multiple Beam Interferometer, - Fizeau Tolansky technique - Fringes of equal chromatic order (FECO) method - Ellipsometry. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePt0NTxVWgY • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJodcGa0ef4 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2rE1NDkVsHQ • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEXxrFRMRu4 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iyw26UKYrIM • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4N5HypPmNc • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCfO_8N1-u0
UNIT – III -Influence of thickness on resistivity - Electrical conduction in thin metallic films - Resistivity of the metallic film - Sheet resistance - Hall effect - Calculation of mobility - DC conduction mechanism - Low field and high field conduction - AC conduction mechanism. - Temperature dependence of conductivity - Thermal treatment process- Breakdown mechanism in dielectric films • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzxCRJcFaIw • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0x_RarHNhVk • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xzmJJpHI-9E • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAkNC1wIlGc • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RHDu5kJo8u0 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1m-QoHRJmk • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2L6N-HKAA4 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Quut0vwgIEo
UNIT – IV -X-ray diffraction - powder diffraction - determination of lattice parameters-structure - Optical constants of thin films UV spectrophotometer - Transmittance, absorption, determination of band gap. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gpduks81e_0 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Abp-Qq6NyNk • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6OMH-SK-F8 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGi_WR9aTzA
UNIT – V -Materials and Design of thin film resistors. - Materials - Capacitor structures - Capacitor yield and capacitor stability - Thin film field effect transistors - Thin film solar cells - anti reflection coatings. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aw3B7joeYiU • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pzu3wE9IIwc\ • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2RTmUxsYNI • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Kc3UhfqTyI • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ln4CZSFIMw0 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3si-BbtfQT0

Subject Code: 18P4PH05 Subject Name: NUCLEAR PHYSICS UNIT – I - NUCLEAR MODELS Basic nuclear properties: Size and shape - charge distribution - spin and parity - determination of nuclear mass binding energy - semi empirical mass formula - nuclear stability - Liquid drop model - Shell Model - Prediction of Magic numbers and energy levels by shell model - Optical Model - Collective model of Bohrand Mottelson • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGv_-gJlAsY • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tsZAj26JxCs • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYRz_9wvJzA • https://www.toppr.com/ask/content/video/nuclear-size-shape-and-density-english-27671/ • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8Yd2T9MQBU • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4q1i7yTcQmA • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ma1bPWhLx-U • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kwj7Dw3RxZ4 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgXKFzxH0L0
UNIT – II - NUCLEAR REACTIONS Nuclear reactions and reaction mechanism - Types of reactions and conservation laws - Energetic of nuclear reactions - Q-value equation - Scattering and reaction cross sections - Compound nucleus reactions - Direct reactions - Stripping & Pick up reactions - Partial Wave analysis of nuclear reaction cross section - Breit-Wignerone level formula Continuum theory of nuclear reaction • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDZxVR_y8BY • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZZb6wX_2-pk • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Retb06SQWMA • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZAFntUFx8I • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0tdsaFJ4vg • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouiUC-SjFXY • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5Hw5wAGbAA • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=if6xv-WBGw8 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MtK9rIbdlis • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIgkmA-TVWI • https://www.aiche.org/conferences/aiche-annual-meeting/2015/proceeding/paper/412d-continuum-theory-particle-size-and-density-segregation
UNIT – III - NUCLEAR INTERACTIONS Nature of Nuclear forces - Exchange forces - Two body problem - ground state of deuteron - Magnetic moment - Quardrapole moment - Tensor forces - Nucleon-nucleon interaction - NP scattering - PP scattering at low energy - non- central - Meson theory of nuclear forces • https://byjus.com/physics/nuclear-force/ • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWY3HcNM94k • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yD3_gZ_uXF4 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DE5wLMJjGUY • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QniicZuVnc • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YA4r-zUGbv4 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DU-f8t8qf1s • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jf6MSWoZRmc • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RIDwCZ4z3Qk
UNIT – IV - NUCLEAR DECAY: Gamow’s theory of alpha decay & Fermi’s theory of beta decay - Total decay rate - Mass of the neutrino - Angular momentum and parity selection rules - Allowed and forbidden decays Comparative half-lives - Neutrino Hypothesis - Helicity - Non-conservation of parity - Multipole transitions in nuclei - Internal conversion - Nuclear isomerism • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=suj5MTLGAUU • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QwT4tbA8UvI • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avKic7oiwvA • https://cyclotron.tamu.edu/reu-archive/2008%20lecture%20notes/REU2008_L2_Shetty.pdf • https://www.dacollege.org/smat/physics-SEM-II-CC9-ALPHA-DECAY-AND-BETA-DECAY.pdf • https://oregonstate.edu/instruct/ch374/ch418518/CHAPTER%209%20GAMMA%20RAY%20DECAY-rev.pdf • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_conversion • https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-642-45878-1_1 • https://www.britannica.com/science/radioactivity/Gamma-decay • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_isomer#:~:text=While%20most%20metastable%20isomers%20decay,inner%20electrons%20of%20the%20atom.
UNIT – V - ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS: Types of interaction between elementary particles - Hadrons - Leptons - Mesons - Baryons - Hyperons - Pions - Symmetries and conservation laws Elementary ideas of CP and CPT invariance - Gellman-nishijima formula - SU(2) and SU(3) multiplets-Gell-Mann-Okubo mass formula for octet and decuplet - Quark model - color flavor. • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_physics - https://www.physics.upenn.edu/~pgl/e27/E27.pdf • http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast123/lectures/lec07.html • https://www.nap.edu/read/6045/chapter/4 • https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/III_17.html • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gell-Mann%E2%80%93Nishijima_formula • http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Particles/cpt.html • https://arxiv.org/pdf/1001.0226 • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gell-Mann%E2%80%93Okubo_mass_formula • http://www.phys.nthu.edu.tw/~class/QFT2011S/Note_05.pdf • http://www.int.washington.edu/users/dbkaplan/507_06/gmo.pdf • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_model • http://theory.gsi.de/~ebratkov/LecturesWS1819/Lecture_Quark_Model.pdf http://www.fe.infn.it/~bettoni/particelle/Quarkmodel.pdf • https://www2.ph.ed.ac.uk/~muheim/teaching/np3/lect-quarks.pdf • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_model#:~:text=In%20particle%20physics%2C%20the%20quark,quantum%20numbers%20of%20the%20hadrons.&text=The%20remaining%20are%20flavor%20quantum,%2C%20charm%2C%20and%20so%20on.